Only those who struggle to breathe properly truly understand how vital and necessary unobstructed nasal breathing is. One condition that hinders nasal airflow is a deviated nasal septum, also known as nasal septal deviation. The nasal septum is the anatomical structure that divides the nasal cavity into two chambers. It consists of a central supportive skeleton covered on both sides by mucous membrane. The front part of this natural divider is a firm yet flexible structure primarily made of cartilage and is richly supplied with blood vessels. An ideal nasal septum divides the left and right nasal cavities into two symmetrical sections, without deviation. Under normal conditions, it is aligned properly, allowing air to pass freely. However, in many cases, deviations occur, a condition known as a deviated nasal septum or septal deviation. Although widespread, this pathological condition can significantly affect breathing and cause a range of symptoms.
What is a deviated nasal septum?
A deviated nasal septum is a pathological condition that arises when the nasal septum—the tissue that separates the nasal cavity into two symmetrical parts—shifts to one side. This misalignment hinders the free passage of air through the nasal cavities, making nasal breathing difficult.
Causes of nasal septal deviation
A deviated nasal septum can be congenital or acquired. The most common causes include:
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Heredity, as the condition is often genetically predetermined and present from birth. Most patients show signs from an early age.
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Injuries and trauma, such as from falls, sports accidents, or car crashes, which can cause displacement of the septum.
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Genetic disorders, such as Marfan syndrome, though rare.
Symptoms and effects of a deviated nasal septum
A deviated septum can lead to several issues that affect a patient’s quality of life, including:
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Nasal obstruction, causing partial or total difficulty breathing through the nose.
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Snoring and sleep apnea, since septal deviation may narrow the airways, leading to sleep disturbances that affect both the patient and anyone sharing the same space.
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Chronic infections, due to reduced nasal airflow, which can lead to recurring sinusitis and upper respiratory infections.
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Throat dryness, from mouth breathing, often causing dry throat and pharyngitis episodes.
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Headaches and chronic fatigue, due to inadequate oxygen intake.
Thus, although seemingly harmless, a deviated nasal septum can greatly impact daily life and overall quality of life.
Diagnosis of nasal septal deviation
Diagnosis is performed by an ENT surgeon and may involve:
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Clinical examination, including assessment of symptoms and patient history.
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Rhinoscopy or nasal endoscopy, using a special endoscope to inspect the nasal septum in detail.
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CT scan, especially if other conditions like sinusitis are suspected.
Correction options for a deviated nasal septum
In mild cases, symptoms can be managed conservatively with nasal decongestant sprays, possibly antihistamines for allergies, and nasal saline irrigations. However, these treatments only offer temporary relief and do not address the root problem. Surgery is the only definitive solution.
Septoplasty is the surgical technique that corrects or reshapes the nasal septum. This is the only effective method for permanently correcting nasal septal deviation. The procedure involves making an incision inside the nasal cavity under general anesthesia. Through this access, the ENT surgeon corrects the misaligned bony and cartilaginous structures without compromising the nose’s structural integrity.
The septum is corrected without changing the external shape of the nose. The surgery may be performed using special endoscopes, allowing precise and detailed surgical movements for an improved outcome. Septoplasty typically lasts up to one hour, although duration may vary based on complexity. Recovery is quick, and most patients return home the same day. In more complex cases, short hospital stays may be needed. Modern techniques, like endoscopic-assisted septoplasty, enhance surgical precision and minimize complications.
If the deviation is accompanied by other ENT issues—such as nasal polyps, tumors, enlarged adenoids, or turbinate hypertrophy—then combined surgical treatment is recommended. Septoplasty may be performed alongside turbinate cauterization, endoscopic nasal and sinus surgery, or adenoid removal. If a patient is also dissatisfied with the appearance or size of their nose, rhinoplasty can be performed simultaneously.
Postoperative care and recovery
Recovery lasts a few weeks, with the initial days being crucial for optimal results. Patients must follow specific post-op instructions, including avoiding intense physical activity and smoking, and using nasal solutions to keep mucosa hydrated.
In the first few days, mild swelling and breathing difficulty may occur due to tissue healing. It’s important to avoid nose blowing and adhere closely to the doctor’s guidance. Gradually, breathing improves, and patients return to daily activities, benefiting from the surgery.
A deviated nasal septum is a common issue that impacts quality of life. While conservative treatments may offer temporary relief, surgery provides a permanent solution to restore normal breathing and eliminate symptoms. ENT Surgeon in Athens Dr. Olga Papadopoulou performs this corrective procedure using the appropriate technique for each case, helping patients overcome the limitations caused by nasal septal deviation.